Relationship between longitudinal weight patterns of men during middle age and successful aging in later life : the Manitoba Follow-up Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Overweight and obesity are serious health conditions associated with the development of chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, Type2 diabetes, hypertension, and certain forms of cancer.Numerous studies have related overweight and obesity at different points in time with specif,rc health conditions later in life.Little research however has beçn reported characteizing longitudinal weight patterns throughout middle age and linking those pattems with a comprehensive set of indicators of successful aging.Methods: The longitudinal dataset of the Manitoba Follow-up Study, launched in 1948, was used to develop regression models relating summary measures of weight patterns during middle age (35-60 years) with the following outcomes of successful aging: survival to an advanced age (75 years), self-rated health, physical and mental functioning, limitations in daily activities, life satisfaction and self-report of aging successfully.Using a minimum of seven weight measurements over a35-60 year age window, weight pattems were charactenzed for each subject (n:2,298 men,31,274 weight measurements).Simple weight summary measures commonly used by other researchers including the first, last, maximum, minimum, and mean Body Mass lndex (BMÐ over the period were used.A classification method was also developed combining the longitudinal characteristics of duration and trend, using least squares'fourth-order polynomial curve fitting and extrema finding.Clinical and mortality data collected since 1948 and responses to the 1996 Successful Aging Questionnaire (n:1,438, mean age:76 years) were used to define successful aging outcomes.Logistic regression and multiple linear 1V regression were performed for categoncal and continuous outcomes respectively, adjusted for age, smoking and occupation history.Results: Approximately 25% of the men were predominantly normal weight (18.5 < BMI <25.0kú^') while maintaining steady weights (average BMI change < 0. r kglm2 per year) during middle age.These men showed more favorable successful aging outcomes in later life than men predominantly overweight (25 < BMI <30kglm2) with varying weight.Specifically, men with steady, normal weights during middle age had almost fwice the adjusted odds of reporting excellent health IOR 1 .gO,g5yo CI (l.39, 2.61)] or feeling they had aged successfully IOR 1 .74,95o/oCI (1.13, 2.69)], and were more likely to report excellent satisfaction with life loR 1 .40,95yocI (1.04, 1.gg)1.In addition, these men in later life had roughly half the odds of reporting limitations in daily activities, to have difÍiculty walking several blocks, or to have difficulty climbing several flights of stairs compared to men mainly overweight with appreciably changing weight during most of middle age.No evidence for significant differences between overweight patterns during middle age and premature mortality or mental functioning in later life were observed.Conclusion: Being predominantly overweight with variable weight throughout middle age may bring reduced odds of aging successfully, notably with increased impediments to physical functioning in later life.In light of these findings, current health promotion efforts targeting youth might also be extended to encourage healthy weight patterns among the middle-aged.ACKNO\ryLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to salute Dr. Francis Mathewson who founded the Manitoba Follow-up Study, and all of the men and their families who have participated to the present day.Your individual
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".