Seasonal feeding and movement responses of resident sculpin in the Canadian Arctic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Environments change across space and time, requiring organisms to adapt behaviorally and/or physiologically. In the Arctic, where productivity varies greatly among seasons, many marine species exploit a resource pulse associated with annual ice melt. Melting sea-ice releases zooplankton on and within the ice into open water causing many consumers to migrate with the receding ice; however, resident species may too rely on the ephemeral prey source. Fourhorn Sculpin (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) and Slimy Sculpin (Cottus cognatus) are residents of Tremblay Sound, Nunavut Canada which is known as a seasonally productive system in the Arctic. I characterized the seasonal behavior of sculpin by collecting and identifying stomach contents from 175 sculpin during the ice-free periods of 2017-2019. Other individuals were released with acoustic transmitters (n=119) for year-round monitoring of movements throughout Tremblay Sound. Consumption rates were high, with 33% of individuals consuming >5% of their body mass (mean 4.32%; SE 0.25). Diet composition was dominated by amphipods and krill but both traditional and multivariate analyses showed diets shifted and broadened over the short (~6 weeks) ice-free season and between years. Namely, indicator species analysis revealed significant associations with distinct amphipod genera between years (Gammaracanthus sp. in 2017, Onisimus sp. in 2018). Feeding exploitation corresponded with high rates of activity as several metrics of movement and home range consistently revealed more activity during the ice-free period. Further analyses revealed qualitatively that sculpin showed high site fidelity and were residents within Tremblay Sound year-round, though acceleration and pressure sensors indicate individuals may not be entirely dormant under the ice. Together, showing high levels of activity to feed at high levels while maintaining flexibility in diet composition indicates that sculpin are adapted to exploit ephemeral resources. These physiological and behavioral adaptations are likely important to annual energy budgets and have potential to affect the resilience of sculpin to ongoing climate change in marine Arctic ecosystems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".