Risk factors for and trends in overweight and obesity among women, Children and adolescents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, reaching epidemic proportions among Canadian adults, children and adolescents. Canadian data on the weight status of low income women, children and adolescents are lacking. There is also limited information on the dietary intake of children and adolescents. Better Beginnings, Better Futures is a longitudinal comprehensive community-based study that collected data from young children and their families in economically disadvantaged communities across Ontario. The objective of this dissertation was to assess the risk factors for, and examine the trends in overweight and obesity among women, children and adolescents. The proportion of women who were overweight and obese increased respectively from 24% and 16% at baseline in 1997 to 30% and 20% in 2003. Low income (OR=2.54, CI=1.09-5.88) as well as being born in Canada (OR=.35, CI=.16-.77) and a greater number of people in the home (OR=1.40, CI=1.15-1.71) were associated with overweight or obesity, or the persistence of overweight or obesity among women. The persistence of weight status among students from grade 6 to grade 9 suggests that weight status is largely established by grade 6. Among grade 9 males, higher maternal BMI (OR= 1.25, CI= 1.03-1.52) and higher BMI in grade 6 (OR=2.02, CI= 1.38-2.94) were associated with overweight; for females in grade 9, higher BMI in grade 6 was associated with overweight (OR = 1.47, CI= 1.22-1.77). In grade 6 the number of students meeting the minimum recommended servings for all four food groups in Canada's Food Guide was 4.3% and 5.9% for males and females respectively. By grade 9 this decreased as 0.4% of males and 2.2% of females met the minimum recommendations. The proportion of children at 48 months who were overweight was 17%, while 16% were obese. Women with a higher BMI (OR =1.07, CI=1.00-1.14) and who were single parents (OR= 3.30, CI=1.38-7.90) were more likely to have a child who was obese. Our results underscore the importance of strategies to reduce the risk of overweight and obesity among women, children and adolescents in economically disadvantaged communities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".