Seismic vulnerability assessment of unreinforced masonry churches in Quebec: the Conefroy typology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Eastern Canada is characterized by moderate seismic hazard which may result in extensive damage for the historical building stock. In the province of Québec, a high density of historical unreinforced masonry (URM) churches is present, as confirmed by an inventory of 108 churches just in the Island of Montreal. Churches in general have demonstrated to be particularly vulnerable to seismic actions due to their geometrical characteristics, which include high slender walls and large openings, and due to the type of material and constructions techniques. In order to preserve this historical asset, a first screening of the inventory has led to group churches based on their façade configuration. The main typologies identified are the Conefroy, the Néo-Roman, the Italian Baroque, and the Baillargé. Within a broader research program, the aim of this paper is to investigate the seismic vulnerability of the Conefroy typology that is largely present in Québec. A case study, the church of Sainte-Famille in Boucherville, is examined. This study is performed applying the Italian methodology for the seismic vulnerability assessment of churches to the Québec context. In this territory, due to its construction culture, church structures are made of two principal materials: masonry and timber. In the paper, a first part is devoted to the historical background of the case-study and a second part to elaborate a complete geometrical model in 3D as a base for the numerical model used for the structural analyses. Finally, the initial results of the modal analyses of the masonry part are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".