Standard urotherapy conducted as group therapy: The voiding class.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: Standard urotherapy is first-line treatment for LUTS in functional disorders. The study investigates effectiveness of group therapy or voiding class on symptom reduction and quality of life in children with LUTS. Patients and methods: A prospective cohort study is conducted including children, aged five to twelve, with LUTS. Voiding class takes place four weeks after recruitment and is followed with a follow-up consultation eight weeks after voiding class. During voiding class children receive standard urotherapy following ICCS guidelines in groups of four children. Data is collected before and after voiding class through a frequency-volume chart for three days, a bladder diary for fourteen nights and the validated Dutch Vancouver Symptom Score for Dysfunctional Elimination Syndrome (VSSDES) and Pediatric urinary incontinence Quality of life (PIN-Q) questionnaires. Adherence was evaluated by means of the amount of documents filled in before and after voiding class. Results: The study will be conducted between 2021 and 2023 and is therefore still ongoing. Twenty-four children have completed the voiding class and follow-up period. Children had a mean age of 7,43 years old and 75 % of them were male. Twelve children had combined daytime incontinence and enuresis, eleven children had isolated enuresis and one child had isolated daytime incontinence. Eight weeks after voiding class a statistically significant decrease in the VSSDES (p = 0.04) and adherence (p = 0.01) was found. Bladder capacity tended to increase although not statistically significant (p = 0.18). No changes concerning quality of life were seen on group level, although on individual level some children demonstrated a decrease in quality of life whereas others demonstrated an increase in quality of life. Conclusions: Preliminary results demonstrate effectiveness of group standard urotherapy. However, a high individual variability and low adherence was noted in the present study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".