STR-975: EFFECT OF SHEAR SPAN TO DEPTH RATIO ON SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF REINFORCED MASONRY SHEAR WALLS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Over the past few decades there has been a substantial increase in the number of multi-story buildings constructed with reinforced masonry (RM). Similar to reinforced concrete (RC) buildings, shear walls are a popular lateral load resisting system in regions of high seismic activity due to its capability to provide lateral stiffness, strength and energy dissipation. One of the parameters that affects the inelastic behaviour and ductility of RM shear walls is the shear span to depth ratio, M/Vdv. This paper experimentally investigates the effect of M/Vdv on the seismic performance of RM shear walls that are dominated by diagonal shear failure. The experimental work involves two identical full-scale fully grouted rectangular RM shear walls, W-M/Vdv1.2 and W-M/Vdv1.8, tested under in-plane axial compressive stress and cyclic lateral excitations. Wall W-M/Vdv1.8 was subjected to a top moment so that M/Vdv was equal to 1.875, as compared to a value of 1.25 for wall W-M/Vdv1.2 that was tested without a top moment. Most of the existing design equations for nominal in-plane shear strength, Vn, for RM shear walls, including the current provisions of the Canadian Standards CSA S304-14, the Masonry Standards Joint Committee MSJC (2013), and the New Zealand code (2004) for masonry structures, limit the effect of the M/Vdv to an upper value of 1.0. The test results show a significant reduction of 25% in the shear strength when M/Vdv is increased, which means that limiting the effect of M/Vdv to an upper value of 1.0 is overestimating the Vn of RM shear walls at high values of M/Vdv. However, W-M/Vdv1.8 was able to achieve higher levels of displacement ductility. More results were analyzed and are presented in this paper according to force-based, displacement-based, and performance-based seismic design considerations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".