Steel shear tab connections subjected to combined shear and axial forces
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A common approach to connect steel beams to columns is to use single plate shear tabs. Numerous laboratory test programs of these connections subjected to vertical loading alone have been completed over the past 30 years. However, the effect of axial forces on the shear tab's performance has only recently been the subject of study. The presence of an axial force in the shear tab connection will typically result in the need for multiple vertical rows of bolts, which is not addressed in any Canadian design guide. The main objective of the research program described herein was to develop a design approach that could be used by the engineering community to address the effect of combined axial and shear force on a shear tab connection.A series of four full-scale tests were performed on shear tab connections between a W610x140 beam and a W360 x 196 column, as well as a W310 x 60 beam and a W360 x 196 column. The shear tab, which was configured as a double bolt row connection, was subjected to a combined vertical (shear) force and axial tension along with the anticipated rotation of a typical beam-to-column joint. A matching specimen was then tested under shear and axial compression. The results from these tests and previous shear tabs tested under gravity load alone were used in the development of a finite element model that is capable of simulating the response of the connection under shear load; predict the ultimate resistance and the progression of failure. Previous finite element modelling of shear tabs lacked damage simulation capability, did not include the effect of weld tearing, and as such often overestimated the connection resistance. The models presented in this thesis featured special modelling techniques and were able to predict all types of failure modes such as bearing, net area fracture, shear yielding, flexural yielding, and weld tearing of the connections.The FE models were then used to investigate the performance of shear tabs subjected to combined shear and axial force. Shear force–axial force interaction curves were generated for various levels of axial tension and compression force for twelve connections. A design approach was proposed which allows practicing engineers to include the effect of any axial force level in the design of a shear tab connection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".