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Record W7015576738

TagDebias: Entity and Concept Typing for Social Bias Mitigation in Pretrained Language Models

2024· other· fr· W7015576738 on OpenAlexfundno aff

Bibliographic record

VenuePolyPublie (École Polytechnique de Montréal) · 2024
Typeother
Languagefr
Field
Topic
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersMitacs
KeywordsCorpus linguisticsPersonal pronoun
DOInot available

Abstract

RÉSUMÉ: Les modèles de langage préentraînés sont entraînés sur de grands corpus provenant d’Internet et acquièrent des biais de genre à partir des données. De ce fait, ils peuvent potentiellement propager ce biais dans les tâches ultérieures. Par conséquent, il est impératif d’identifier et d’atténuer le biais social d’abord dans le jeu de données, puis dans les modèles de langage préentraînés. Pour remédier au biais de genre dans les modèles de langue, nous proposons une approche de balisage appelée TagDebias qui consiste à utiliser des abstractions de niveau supérieur pour remplacer les termes spécifiques au genre. Cette méthode est en contraste avec l’approche dite du nettoyage, qui supprime les termes indicateurs de genre du corpus. Notre objectif est d’affiner les modèles de langage préentraînés sur le corpus balisé afin de débiaiser leurs poids. Certaines de nos questions de recherche (RQ1 et RQ2) examinent l’efficacité du balisage pour atténuer le biais et son impact sur les performances du modèle dans les tâches ultérieures. Les résultats indiquent que la stratégie de balisage maintient non seulement les performances du modèle dans les tâches ultérieures, mais améliore également l’équité par rapport aux modèles nettoyés et initiaux. Notamment, la stratégie de balisage des "terme spécifique au genre", appelée modèle TagDebias, s’est révélée la plus efficace pour favoriser l’équité parmi les différents modèles balisés, nettoyés et initiaux. Nous avons également proposé une nouvelle méthode d’augmentation de données. En augmentant à la fois les versions balisées et nettoyées avec des exemples par insertion de virgules et en répétant les instances (avec et sans balises) avec le même label, nous avons cherché à surmonter les limitations des méthodes traditionnelles d’augmentation de données avec permutation de genre. Notre question de recherche (RQ3) porte sur l’effet de l’augmentation de données basée sur le balisage sur la production de modèles de langage plus équitables. Après la phase d’augmentation et d’affinage, nous avons constaté que l’augmentation des données dans le modèle nettoyé, en particulier en doublant les instances, améliorait légèrement l’équité du modèle, mais pas notre modèle TagDebias. ABSTRACT: Pretrained language models are trained on large corpora from the internet and learn gender imbalances from the data. They could potentially propagate this bias in downstream tasks. Therefore, it is imperative to identify and mitigate social bias first in the dataset and then in pretrained language models. To address gender bias in language models, we propose a tagging approach called TagDebias that involves using higher-level abstractions to replace gender-specific terms. This method is contrasted with the scrubbing approach, which removes gender indicator terms from the corpus. Our aim is to fine-tune pretrained language models on the tagged-corpus to debias their weights. Some of our research questions (RQ1 and RQ2) investigate the effectiveness of tagging in mitigating bias and its impact on model performance in downstream tasks. The findings indicate that the tagging strategy not only maintains model performance in downstream tasks but also improves fairness compared to scrubbed and initial models. Notably, the "gender-specific-term" tagging strategy, referred to as TagDebias model, emerged as the most effective in promoting fairness among the various tagged, scrubbed, and the initial models. We also proposed a novel data augmentation method. By augmenting both tagged and scrubbed versions with examples through comma insertion and repeating the instances (with and without tags) with the same label, we aimed to overcome limitations of traditional data augmentation methods with gender swapping. Our research question (RQ3) focus on whether tagging-based data augmentation leads to fairer PLMs. After the augmentation and fine-tuning stage, we found that the scrubbed-data augmentation, particularly when doubling instances, slightly improved model fairness, but not our TagDebias model.

Stored with the screening record, where it is evidence for the labels above.

How this classification was reachedexpand

The three-model screen

all 5,600 screened works →

All three models called this out of scope.

stratum: french · design weight: 1554.47 (the sample is stratified; any rate computed without the weight is wrong)
Claude Opus 4.8OUT
genre: empirical
about Canada: no
confidence: medium

Thesis proposing a tagging approach to mitigate social bias in pretrained language models; AI-fairness method development, where bias refers to model bias, not research bias.

GPT-5.6 (high)OUT
genre: empirical
about Canada: no
confidence: high

It develops a method for mitigating bias in language models, not bias or practice in research.

Grok 4.5OUT
genre: empirical
about Canada: no
confidence: high

NLP method to mitigate gender bias in pretrained language models; AI fairness, not study of research practice.

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.006
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.021
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: Methods
Teacher disagreement score0.011
Threshold uncertainty score0.000

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0060.021
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0020.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.002
Bibliometrics0.0020.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0030.008
Open science0.0020.003
Research integrity0.0020.004
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0060.003

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.021
GPT teacher head0.267
Teacher spread0.246 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designSimulation or modeling
Domainnot available
GenreMethods

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2024
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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Same venuePolyPublie (École Polytechnique de Montréal)French-language works237,207