Utvecklingen vad gäller preciseringar för marknära ozon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The development of the ozone concentrations near the ground in northern Europe during the past 20 years is characterized by a decrease in the highest concentrations and an increased in the lowest and medium high concentrations. Rising background ozone concentrations over the entire northern hemisphere is most likely the explanation for the increase in the lower concentration range. The yearly, maximum 8-hour mean ozone concentration is significantly decreasing in southern Sweden, while it remains unchanged in northern Sweden. Model predictions, as well as trend analysis based on observations implies that the target value within the Swedish Environmental Objectives, intended to prevent negative impacts on human health, will still be exceeded by the year 2050. There is no statistically significant change over time for AOT40 April-September over Sweden during the past 20 years. The target value within the Swedish Environmental Objectives, intended to protect vegetation, based on AOT40, is exceeded in southern Sweden but not in the north. If the future emissions of ozone precursors decrease by 2050 according the scenarios in the CLEO Eurobase, as well as the RCP 4.5, then the target value to protect the vegetation will not be exceeded in Sweden as well as over most parts of northern Europe. In these scenarios, however, it is assumed that the hemispheric background ozone concentrations do not change substantially, which is uncertain. If the estimates of vegetation ozone exposure were instead based on ozone flux, then the critical level for ozone impacts on vegetation used within the LRTAP convention would still be exceeded in southern Sweden by the year 2050. This report is only available in Swedish.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.705 | 0.592 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".