Bluff Erosion Along the Southeastern Coast of Lake Huron
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study quantifies the change in position of bluffs along the coast of Lake Huron. A bluff is a type of soft sediment cliff that borders a coastal area and is prone to progressive erosion through weathering processes. In Ontario, coastal bluffs along the Laurentian Great Lakes shoreline are highly developed. Erosion can result in damage to personal property, infrastructure, recreational services, and ecosystems. Therefore, it is important to gain an understanding of the spatially dependent rates of bluff retreat. Two sites were selected along ~2 km of shoreline due to the presence of continuous bluff environments, located south of Goderich and north of Grand Bend. Using air photos from between 1966 and 2020, the shoreline, base, and brink of the bluff were digitized using ArcGIS Pro. About 200 to 300 transects were then automatically generated and were located at 10 m intervals alongshore. The rate of shoreline and bluff retreat (m/y) and total change (m) were determined to be more than 3 m/y and a total of 50 m. Identifying these areas could lead to further research into the mechanisms causing an increase in localized erosion and can be used to inform further coastal hazard risk assessments and management.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".