Blocking and guiding adult sea lamprey with pulsed direct currentfrom vertical electrodes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
tControlling the invasion front of aquatic nuisance species is of high importance to resource managers. Wetested the hypothesis that adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a destructive invasive species in theLaurentian Great Lakes, would exhibit behavioral avoidance to dual-frequency pulsed direct current gen-erated by vertical electrodes and that the electric field would not injure or kill sea lamprey or non-targetfish. Laboratory and in-stream experiments demonstrated that the electric field blocked sea lampreymigration and directed sea lamprey into traps. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and white sucker(Catostomus commersoni), species that migrate sympatrically with sea lamprey, avoided the electric fieldand had minimal injuries when subjected to it. Vertical electrodes are advantageous for fish guidancebecause (1) the electric field produced varies minimally with depth, (2) the electric field is not grounded,reducing power consumption to where portable and remote deployments powered by solar, wind, hydro,or a small generator are feasible, and (3) vertical electrodes can be quickly deployed without significantstream modification allowing rapid responses to new invasions. Similar dual-frequency pulsed directcurrent fields produced from vertical electrodes may be advantageous for blocking or trapping otherinvasive fish or for guiding valued fish around dams.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".