Declining Fertility in a Religious Isolate: The Hutterite Population of Alberta, Canada, 1951-1971
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A demographic profile of the Alberta Hutterite population is presented from data of the 1971 Census of Canada. Changes in the age and sex distribution, and marital status are demonstrated by comparisons with the North American Hutterite population of 1951 described by Eaton and Mayer (1953). Several estimates of fertility, based on the 1971 age and sex distribution, indicate that the Hutterite crude birth rate declined from 45.9 per thousand in 1950 to 38.4 per thousand in 1971. Additional estimates indicate a similar decrease in age-specific fertility of Hutterite women. A number of factors which may have contributed to the decline in fertility include a later age at marriage, an increase in the frequency of never-married women of reproductive age, and lower marital fertility. It is estimated that the Hutterite mean age at marriage has risen from 22.0 years to 24.9 years for females; and from 23.5 years to 26.0 years for males between 1950 and 1971. The percentage of Hutterite women over the age of 30 who remained unmarried rose from 5.4% in 1950 to 14.8% in 1971. The Hutterite rate of natural increase declined from 41.5 per thousand in 1950 to about 35.5 per thousand in 1971.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".