Effect on Hip Osteoarthritis of Mud Bath and Underwater Exercises: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To compare the efficacy of an approach combining thermal therapy (mud pack and spa bath treatment) and underwater exercising (TT-UE) with conventional therapy, in patients with primary osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip. Design: Single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Setting: Thermal-rehabilitation center. Participants: 63 outpatients randomly assigned to the TT-UE (n= 34) and conventional therapy (n=29). Intervention: The TT-UE group underwent a 12-day cycle of mature mud pack application, bathing in natural mineral thermal water rich in bromine-iodine, massage therapy according to the standard protocol, and underwater exercises (eg, mobilization, hip traction, muscle strengthening), in a spa pool (≈50min/d), at a thermal facility of the Euganean Basin (Padua, Italy). The conventional therapy group was treated for the same number of sessions with traditional rehabilitation that included magnetotherapy, electrotherapy, and therapeutic exercises (mobilization, axial traction of the hip, functional re-education). During the treatment period, all patients stayed in the treatment center. Main Outcome Measures: Range of motion (ROM) (with IncliMed goniometer), Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) Index, and nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) consumption. Results: Findings were based on comparison of 2 groups matched for clinical and initial degree of impairment. In the TT-UE group, ROM significantly increased for flexion, abduction, and internal rotation (P range, .040−.011), WOMAC pain, stiffness, and physical function scores were significantly lower (P range, .001−.001) at the end of treatment, and the effects persisted at 3-month follow-up. In addition, analgesic and NSAID consumption during follow-up was higher in the TT-UE group, but not significantly so (P=.09). Conclusions: The patients with OA of the hip who received thermal therapy in combination with underwater exercising showed greater reductions in pain, motor impairment, and improvements in functional abilities, and these benefits persisted over time
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".