Effects of Rehabilitation Training on Cognitive Function in Parkinson’s Disease with Subjective Cognitive Decline
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Shirong Wen,1 Guang Yang,2 Sijia Xu,3 Mingsha Zhang,4 Yan Liu,5 Yujun Pan1 1Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China; 4State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Health Statistic, School of Public Health of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yujun Pan; Yan Liu, Email yujunpan@ems.hrbmu.edu.cn; liuyan@ems.hrbmu.edu.cnPurpose: To characterize Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and its progression, as well as to assess the impact of rehabilitation training programs on cognitive function in PD patients.Patients and Methods: The study involved 42 patients diagnosed with PD. Participants underwent evaluation using a neuropsychological protocol and were subsequently classified into two groups: those with SCD (PD-SCD+, n= 22) or those without (PD-SCD−, n= 20). After an average follow-up period of 3.0 years (2.7– 4.6 years), cognitive assessments were reiterated with the same group of subjects. Following the re-assessment, all 42 patients participated in a six-month rehabilitation training program, concluding with the reevaluation of cognitive performance.Results: In the follow-up assessment, it was observed that PD-SCD+ experienced a more pronounced annual decline in cognitive function, as measured by the Chinese-Beijing version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (BJ-MoCA) test and semantic fluency, compared to PD-SCD−. A stepwise logistic regression analysis identified low MMSE scores (P< 0.001), elevated HAMD scores (P= 0.008), male gender (P= 0.026), and the presence of SCD (P= 0.022) associated with diminished language skills in PD patients. Both groups of PD patients exhibited improvements in BJ-MoCA scores after participating a six-month rehabilitation training program. Particularly notable is the statistically significant improvement in language skills observed in patients with PD-SCD+ compared to PD-SCD− patients following rehabilitation training.Conclusion: As PD progresses, individuals with PD-SCD+ tend to experience more pronounced cognitive decline compared to those with PD-SCD−. Semantic fluency emerges as a crucial component for assessing the cognitive subset of PD, potentially serving as an indicator of cognitive decline in individuals with PD. Evidence suggests that rehabilitation training is a viable intervention for individuals diagnosed with PD. This intervention not only improves various cognitive domains but also leads to more substantial enhancements in language skills.Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, subjective cognitive decline, SCD, semantic fluency, rehabilitation training
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".