An explanation of ice-crushing induced vibrational lock-in using the Molikpaq May 12, 1986 event as a test case
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ice crushing induced vibration and so-called lock-in behavior exhibited by the Molikpaq structure during a test case event that occurred on May 12, 1986 has been explained in terms of ice spalling, and associated sawtooth load patterns, and resonance of the coupled structure-ice system where the mass and spring constant associated with the ice sheet are variable ‘effective’ quantities that depend on the ice sheet speed. Spalling at the ice edge contact zone plays a key role since the spalling frequency is directly proportional to the speed of the ice sheet towards the structure. Two modes of spalling are described for this particular event. One mode, called system resonant capped (SRC) spalling, causes loading that is similar to classic high-amplitude sawtooth loading and occurs at spalling frequencies in the vicinity of, or less than, the resonant frequency of the structure-ice system. In the present case the SRC spalling appears to be at the system resonant frequency. The other spalling mode is low-amplitude erratic spalling that is characterized by temporal unevenness and unevenness in the magnitude of consecutive load sawteeth. This type of spalling occurs at an average spalling frequency of about 4 Hz, which is substantially higher than the SRC spalling frequency range. For the analysis rough estimates for the variation of the effective mass and effective spring constant of the ice sheet throughout a range of spalling frequency were determined numerically. This treatment predicts that, for ice with similar properties as the May 12 event at least, sawtooth loading of the structure that cause structural oscillations are inevitable when an expansive ice sheet crushes against it. Potential means of significantly reducing the amplitude of the load oscillations by influencing fundamental spalling characteristics using blade-like spall initiators installed on the structure faces at the ice level are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".