Experimental study of structures subjected to hydrodynamic and debris impact forces
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An accurate estimation of tsunami-induced forces on nearshore structures is an important step towards the design of tsunami-resilient buildings. The University of Ottawa, in collaboration with the Canadian Hydraulics Centre (CHC) of the National Research Council, located in Ottawa, has established a comprehensive experimental and numerical modeling program focusing on tsunami-structure interaction with the ultimate goal of improving tsunami mitigation methods and strategies. As part of this experimental program, the authors conducted laboratory tests on the impact of extreme hydrodynamic forces and floating debris on two structural models with different cross sections (square and circular). These structures were subjected to supercritical hydraulic bores that are similar to ones generated by broken tsunami waves advancing inland. The structural models were instrumented with sensors capable of recording time histories of the hydraulic bore depth, as well as the lateral displacement, acceleration, pressures, forces, and moments imposed on the two structural models. The bore depth and bore velocity were recorded and analyzed, and the bore-structure interaction was also investigated. The time histories of the impact force resulting from wooden debris hitting the structural models were also recorded and analyzed. The authors further investigated existing formulas provided by the most recent tsunami-resistant engineering design guideline (FEMA P-646, 2012) and the Coastal Construction Manual (FEMA P-55, 2011) to compare the experimentally-recorded hydrodynamic and debris impact forces with current prescriptions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".