Lawbreaking as lawmaking: redefining women's everyday resistances to injustice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this thesis, I offer a new understanding of lawbreaking, particularly when committed by women belonging to racially and/or ethnically oppressed minorities, and especially in cases that do not fall within the traditional criteria of civil disobedience.I interpret their lawbreaking as a legitimate manifestation of resistance, aimed at correcting injustices, and as a viable form of lawmaking, capable of jurisgenerating, to use Robert Cover's term: creating legal meanings and mobilizing socio-legal change and reconciliation.Shifting the focus from the big, 'meta' and 'heroic' stories of mass disobedience committed in public by politically motivated people, my thesis suggests paying attention to the daily, 'small', private, and secret forms of 'everyday resistances' committed by women.These cases could be as intimate and covert as a woman putting makeup on her face under a burqa.Using the body as a legal site of defiance, the thesis particularly focuses on two contexts in which it explores women's resistance and agency: a) Lawbreaking and resistance through land in Israel, namely squatting in public housing by Mizrahi women in Israel; and b) Resistance 'through the womb,' by women having abortions in Canada, pre-and post-Morgentaler.Taking in particular a critical legal pluralist approach, shifting and deepening the focus from state law to society to the individual herself, the thesis focuses on women's jurisgenerative capacity to both transform state law, and/or create their own laws.Lawmaking is demonopolized, so that the state is not the sole 'producer', and 'the turning point' in the creation of legal meanings.However, unlike other critical approaches to law, the thesis does not offer various interpretations to law and legal phenomena from within state law, offering the theoretical and analytical means for interpreting the meaning of women's voice and agency in, or about, the law.Rather, the thesis approaches women's acts as law/s, as legal narratives in and of themselves, capable of creating legal meanings, and changing and altering the meaning of what we perceive as law.iii Résumé Dans cette thèse, je propose une nouvelle définition de la transgression des lois, surtout lorsqu'il s'agit de femmes appartenant à des minorités opprimées, et en particulier dans les cas qui ne relèvent pas des critères traditionnels de désobéissance civile.J'interprète leurs transgressions comme une manifestation légitime de résistance visant à corriger des injustices.Celles-ci pourraient donc être une forme viable de législation, capable de « jurisgenerate », citant le terme de Robert Cover, c'est-à-dire créer des significations juridiques et mobiliser le changement sociojuridique et la réconciliation.Cherchant à réorienter l'aspect juridique mettant en évidence les actes «méta» et « héroïques » publics de désobéissance commis par des personnes motivées politiquement, ma thèse suggère plutôt de tourner le regard vers des «résistances quotidiennes», mineures, invisible, privées, et secrètes des femmesqui échappent à la définition classique de la désobéissance civile.Un exemple d'un tel cas pourrait être aussi intime et discret qu'une femme portant du maquillage sur son visage sous une burqa.Utilisant le corps humain comme un site légal de défi, ma thèse se concentre sur deux contextes dans lesquels j'explore la résistance des femmes et leur rôle: a) La violation des lois et la résistance en utilisant les terres en Israël, à savoir les squats dans les logements sociaux par les femmes Mizrahis (des juives originaires de pays arabes ou musulmans); et b) La résistance «via l'utérus» par des femmes ayant subi un avortement au Canada, avant et après Morgentaler.Prenant en particulier une approche pluraliste juridique critique, en déplaçant et en approfondissant le droit public vers la société, et ensuite vers la femme elle-même, cette thèse se concentre sur la capacité des femmes à transformer le droit des États et/ou à créer leurs propres lois.La législation est dé-monopolisée, de sorte que l'État ne soit pas le seul «producteur» et «agent décisif» dans la création de significations juridiques.Cependant, contrairement à d'autres approches critiques du droit, la thèse n'offre pas différentes interprétations du droit et des phénomènes juridiques en droit I also want to thank my late grandparents Zohara and Moshe Ben-Naim, and Clara and Itzhak Harboun for teaching us all the importance of humility, justice, Tzedakah and Tikkun Olam, the obligation of giving, and taking a stand, and to never be indifferent.I further dedicate this doctorate to my beloved aunt who is no longer with us, Tata Dada-Dennis Kor, who taught me resilience and resistance.This doctorate is also dedicated to my aunt Smadar (Jacqueline), the most profound educator in my life, and her husband Shimon Eizenboum.Thank you also Tata Alice Harboun for always being involved in my life, and reminding me to never give up on my dreams.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.015 | 0.070 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.017 | 0.014 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.012 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".