Novel physical and chemical strategies for bone defect healing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Limb-injuries related to traffic accidents and multiple trauma result in complex treatment needs with substantial socioeconomic impact (1).Long bone fractures are often slow to heal and may require months until consolidation is complete, if at all (2).Unfortunately for many reasons fracture healing can fail and results in non-union of bone in 10% of all fractures and in up to 50% of open fractures of the tibia (3).Thus, there is a need for a novel therapy that stimulates fracture healing but ideally will reduce the invasiveness of treatment and the risk of complications.Here, two new bone healing strategies from distinct approaches are reported: localized cold therapy (physical) and Wnt pathway modulation (chemical).The first is a non-invasive and novel physical strategy to augment bone healing based on localized cold therapy.Published epidemiological and experimental studies have reported that frequent coldwater exposure results in ectopic bone formation among aquatic sports amateurs (4, 5).In vitro studies revealed that although osteoclastogenesis is enhanced upon cold application (6), the effect of hypothermia on osteoblasts is conflicting (7, 8).Aside from case reports of Surfers' Ear there have been no in vivo studies on the effect of hypothermia on bone healing.Therefore, we hypothesize that lowering the temperature at the defect site during the healing course may stimulates bone healing.A murine femoral cortical bone defect model was used and cold was applied daily locally through immersion of the lower limb in an ice bath for 15 minutes which was measured as a temperature of 19°C at the bone level.The second strategy is based on pharmacological treatment to enhance bone healing.A recent published work has demonstrated that Tideglusib, a selective and irreversible small molecule non-ATP-competitive glycogen synthase kinase 3-β (GSK-3β) inhibitor currently in trial for Alzheimer's patients, can promote tooth growth and repair cavities (9).Despite some differences, Geraldine Merle for their immeasurable support and insightful guidance.Dr. Harvey has shown me the importance of basic research and innovation within surgical orthopaedics.Dr. Merle is an incredible female scientist role model and mentor.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".