A part of and apart from the mosaic: a study of Pakistani Canadian experiences in Toronto during the 1960s and 1970s
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis examines the experiences of the first wave of Pakistani immigrants to arrive in Canada after the immigration reforms of the 1960s and 1970s.It focuses largely on the Pakistani community in Toronto.Its primary thesis is that while the immigration reforms and accompanying national policy of multiculturalism of this era were intended to foster democratic, humanitarian, and egalitarian principles, Pakistanis, like other immigrants of colour, actually saw their efforts to join the social and economic mainstream thwarted by discrimination both at the hands of government officials and within Canadian society.The thesis makes extensive use of a wide range of primary materials, including government documents, municipal records, commissioned reports, symposia proceedings, mainstream and Pako-Canadian newspapers, community newsletters, and interviews.Individual chapters examine: the background, social characteristics, and immigration and settlement experiences of Pakistani immigrants to Canada and Toronto during the 1960s and 1970s; the establishment and administration of immigration reforms and multiculturalism policies during these decades, with an emphasis on the ways that discriminatory government policies and traditions toward Pakistanis and other immigrants of colour carried over and continued to impact the era of progressive reform; the growth of intense anti-immigrant attitudes and the rise of "Paki-bashing" and other episodes steeped in discrimination and violence in Toronto during the 1970s; prejudice and other challenges faced by Pako-Canadians as they attempted to make a living within Toronto's economy; and issues of gender and the experiences of Pako-Canadian women in Toronto during the 1960s and 1970s.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.074 | 0.015 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".