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Record W7023851111

Qualitative analysis of high-pressure N2 plasma generated by dual-polarity nanosecond-pulsed discharges

2021· dissertation· en· W7023851111 on OpenAlexaffabout

Bibliographic record

VenueeScholarship@McGill (McGill) · 2021
Typedissertation
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicPlasma Applications and Diagnostics
Canadian institutionsMcGill University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPlasmaAmmonia productionIonizationAmmoniaEmission spectrumVoltageSpectral lineExcited state
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Over the last two decades, the world has seen a rapid transition from carbon-based fuel sources to renewable sources.This paradigm shift has led to a reevaluation of traditionally high energy synthesis processes, particularly the Haber-Bosch process.This utilized ammonia synthesis reaction pathway is heavily dependent on fossil fuels and is reliant on economies of scale to maximize energy yields and minimize operating costs.More flexible ammonia synthesis techniques have been theorized and tested at a laboratory scale over the last two decades, including a plasma-driven reaction pathway which has the lowest theoretical energy consumption.This Master's thesis focuses on optimizing reaction conditions for plasma-assisted ammonia production.Reaction conditions were investigated by generating nitrogen plasma at pressures from 1 to 5 atm and qualitatively analyzing the sample using optical emission spectroscopy.A dual-polarity nanosecond-pulsed power supply designed and built by McGill University's Plasma Processing Laboratory delivered consistent discharges across an interelectrode gap ranging from 1 to 5 mm between two stainless steel pin electrodes.The spectra obtained from the emission of the nitrogen plasma were then analyzed with specific attention to N2's second positive system (SPS).N2's SPS is an indicator of an excited state of nitrogen below its ionization energy.These energized particles are theorized to contribute to the enhancement of surface-based ammonia generation in catalytic reactors at milder conditions than the Haber-Bosch process.By cycling various voltage drops in a newly designed and built reactor, it was determined that the nanosecond-pulsed power supply was able to generate plasmas with spectra only displaying N2's SPS.By lowering the pressure and electrode gap distance, the power supply generated a higher energy plasma containing some ionized species, in addition to the non-ionized, energetic N2.In addition, varying frequency of pulses as a parameter influenced the amount of power being delivered into the plasma without changing the maximum electric field.This provides control over the prevalence of lower energetic states without introducing ionized species to the reactor. RésuméAu cours des deux dernières décennies, le monde a connu une transition rapide des sources de carburant à base de carbone vers les sources renouvelables.Ce changement de paradigme a conduit à une réévaluation des procédés de synthèse traditionnels qui nécessitent de grandes quantités d'énergie, en particulier le procédé Haber-Bosch.Cette voie de réaction de synthèse de l'ammoniac est largement utilisée, mais elle est également dépendante des combustibles fossiles et des économies d'échelle pour maximiser ses rendements énergétiques et minimiser les coûts d'exploitation.Des techniques de synthèse d'ammoniac plus flexibles ont été théorisées et testées à l'échelle du laboratoire ces dernières années, y compris une voie de réaction commandée par plasma qui a la consommation d'énergie théorique minimale.Cette thèse de maîtrise porte sur l'optimisation des conditions de réaction pour la production d'ammoniac assistée par plasma.Les conditions de réaction examinées dans le cadre de cette thèse ont été étudiées en générant un plasma d'azote à des pressions de 1 à 5 atmosphères et en analysant qualitativement son spectre d'émission par spectroscopie d'émission optique.Une alimentation à double polarité et impulsions nanosecondes conçue et construite par le Laboratoire des procédés plasma de l'Université McGill a produit des décharges entre deux électrodes en acier inoxydable séparées de 1 à 5 mm.Les spectres d'émission obtenus du plasma d'azote ont ensuite été analysés en portant une attention particulière au deuxième système positif du N2, qui est un indicateur d'un état excité de l'azote en dessous de son énergie d'ionisation.Ces molécules d'azote excitées contribuent à l'amélioration de la production d'ammoniac en surface dans les réacteurs catalytiques en conditions moins sévères que le procédé Haber-Bosch.En variant la tension entre les électrodes, il a été déterminé que l'alimentation à impulsions nanosecondes était capable de générer des plasmas ayant des spectres affichant uniquement le deuxième système positif de N2.En abaissant la pression et la distance entre les électrodes, l'alimentation a généré un plasma d'énergie plus élevée contenant des espèces ionisées, ainsi que du N2 énergétique non ionisé.De plus, la variation de la fréquence des impulsions a influencé la quantité d'énergie fournie au plasma sans modifier le champ électrique maximal.Cela permet de contrôler la prévalence des états énergétiques inférieurs sans introduire d'espèces ionisées dans le réacteur.Phillip Servio, for their insight and contributions to my development as a researcher.Without their continued academic and emotional support and direction, none of this would be possible.

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How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.002
Threshold uncertainty score0.006

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.020
GPT teacher head0.308
Teacher spread0.289 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2021
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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