Real-Time Confocal Raman Imaging of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Live Prostate Cancer Spheroids to Enhance Photothermal Cancer Therapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
RÉSUMÉ: Le cancer de la prostate est la troisième cause de décès par cancer au Canada. La prostatectomie et la radiothérapie externe sont les traitements de référence pour le cancer de la prostate. Cependant, ces traitements entraînent de nombreux effets secondaires. Ablation focale au laser, une méthode de traitement émergente du cancer de la prostate. En particulier, la thérapie photothermique (PTT) suscite de nombreux intérêts car il s’agit d’une méthode non-invasive. Depuis la dernière décennie, le développement rapide des MWCNT a favorisé une augmentation significative de l’intérêt pour les MWCNT en tant qu’agents photothermiques. Une étude récente a montré que le MWCNT combiné au laser 1064 nm peut élever la température locale des cellules tumorales cibles pour induire l'apoptose, sans qu'il soit nécessaire d'augmenter la puissance d'irradiation du laser, minimisant ainsi les dommages thermiques autour des tissus sains. Malgré sa croissance, le MWCNT est toujours confronté à un défi de taille. En particulier, le manque de caractérisation des MWCNT dans les cellules entrave son développement pour la thérapie photothermique in vivo. La caractérisation des MWCNT dans les cellules est importante car elle révèle les interactions de liaison des MWCNT avec les cellules tumorales. Une mauvaise interaction de liaison du MWCNT et des cellules peut diminuer l’efficacité du MWCNT en tant qu’agent photothermique. Pour évaluer les interactions de liaison des MWCNT et des cellules, une microscopie confocale Raman est proposée ici comme méthode pour caractériser les MWCNT dans les cellules. La microscopie confocale Raman a pu capturer l'empreinte moléculaire complète du MWCNT dans les cellules et distinguer son empreinte moléculaire du MWCNT des cellules. Les changements dans les fréquences de bande et l'intensité des bandes MWCNT proéminentes ainsi que des bandes d'acides nucléiques et de protéines offrent un aperçu des interactions de liaison des MWCNT et des cellules. En sondant les interactions du MWCNT et des cellules, il révèle une empreinte digitale unique relative au CNT-PEP (liaison spécifique au PSMA) et au CNT-PEG (contrôle). Ces empreintes digitales uniques nous permettront de vérifier la liaison entre le CNT-PEP et les cellules du tissu tumoral cible. Les concentrations minimales détectables de CNT-PEP ont été identifiées à partir de cette étude nous permettront de définir la plage de concentrations pour déterminer la concentration maximale détectable de CNT-PEP. Les deux concentrations sont nécessaires pour tracer la courbe d’étalonnage qui sera utilisée pour quantifier la concentration réelle de CNT-PEP présente sur la tumeur cible in vivo. ABSTRACT: Prostate cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death in Canada. Prostatectomy and external radiation therapy are gold standard treatments for prostate cancer. However, these treatments have numerous side effects. Focal laser ablation, an emerging treatment method for prostate cancer. In particular, photothermal therapy (PTT) has drawn numerous interests because it is a non-invasive method. Since the last decade, rapid development of MWCNT has promoted a significant increase of interests in MWCNT as photothermal agents. Recent study showed that MWCNT combined with 1064nm laser can elevate the local temperature of the target tumor cells to induce apoptosis, without the need to increase the laser irradiation power, minimizing thermal damage around healthy tissue. Despite of its growth, MWCNT are still facing a significant challenge. Particularly, the lack of characterization of MWCNT in cells, is hindering its development for in vivo photothermal therapy. The characterization of MWCNT in cells is important because it reveals the binding interactions of MWCNT with tumor cells. A poor binding interaction of MWCNT and cells can lessen the efficacy of MWCNT as a photothermal agent. To assess the binding interactions of MWCNT and cells, a confocal Raman microscopy was proposed here as the method to characterize MWCNT in cells. Confocal Raman microscopy was able to capture the full molecular fingerprint of MWCNT in cells and distinguish its molecular fingerprint of MWCNT from cells. The changes in band frequencies and intensity of prominent MWCNT bands along with bands of nucleic acids and proteins, offers insights into the binding interactions of MWCNT and cells. By probing the interactions of MWCNT and cells, it reveals unique fingerprint pertaining to CNT-PEP (specific binding to PSMA) and CNT-PEG (control). These unique fingerprints will allow us to verify the binding between CNT-PEP and cells in the target tumor tissue. The minimal detectable concentrations of CNT-PEP were identified from this study will allow us to define the range of concentrations to determine the maximum detectable concentration of CNT-PEP. Both concentrations are necessary for plotting the calibration curve that will be used to quantify the actual concentration of CNT-PEP present on the target tumor in vivo.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".