SELECTING DAYS TO FLOWERING IN LENTIL (Lens culinaris Medik.) FOR A NORTHERN TEMPERATE CLIMATE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lentil varieties in western Canada are continuously improved to stay relevant as a crop. This improvement requires access to a diverse pool of genetics, of which in lentil, is difficult to use due to a lack of adaptation to our environment. Genetic markers for days to flowering (DTF), have been identified but have not yet been tested in western Canadian lentil breeding. Phenotyping DTF in Saskatchewan field experiments and mapping, using markers associated with specific loci in the lentil genome, was used to identify loci relevant to western Canadian conditions and applicable to diverse lentil germplasm. A bi-parental RIL population (LR-11) created using a Canadian line (CDC Milestone) crossed with a Bangladeshi line (ILL 8006) was phenotyped for multiple phenological traits in Saskatchewan field experiments over four site-years. A linkage map consisting of six linkage groups (LGs) was constructed using 11, 558 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Four quantitative trait loci (QTL) for DTF (q.DTF) were identified in more than one site-year. Of these, the two which explained the largest amount of the observed phenotypic variability each contained members of the Flowering Locus T (FT) gene family as annotated in the lentil reference genome. An exploratory expression study of these FT genes provided additional support that q.DTF.6-1 and q.DTF.6-2, may represent variation at LcFTb2 and LcFTa1, respectively. A diversity panel, AGILE-LDP, was screened with a marker representative of each of these two q.DTF and both markers accounted for differences in DTF in Saskatchewan. The inheritance patterns of the two markers, and the implied roles of LcFTb2 and LcFTa1 based on research in related legumes, provided support that the markers are accounting for at least some of the relevant variation in DTF in this panel. These q.DTF could be used to improve selection of preferred allele combinations across diverse material. This study emphasized the need for further investigation into the underlying genes and molecular pathways implicated by q.DTF in any study, and that, on their own, focusing on any one locus leaves many unanswered questions and reduces marker adoption by breeders. In addition to DTF, days to emergence, vegetative period, and reproductive period were identified as having potential for identifying additional discrete, and phenologically relevant genomic regions that should be followed up in future studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".