Simulation of oxygen penetration and decarburisation in EAF usind supersonic injection system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The supersonic jet generated by a Laval nozzle in air or in steel has been modelled to vary degrees of complexity and with different goals.1,2) This paper describes the application of our model to an injection system based on fixed lances, placed in the furnace walls without the help of CFD simulation, which is certainly very precise, but very time consuming and useless for an on line control. The approach followed here is energy-based and it allows estimating the depth reached by the O2 during its penetration within the slag and steel. It can be used for an on line control and for the whole description of the injection process. The calculation of a theoretical interface surface allows investigating the chemical process and the mass transport phenomena induced by the injection itself. This simulation can be used to investigate the required injection parameters to ensure the maximum mass exchange with the bath and to foresee new injection technologies performances. Moreover, this model of the supersonic injection allows the construction of a decarburisation model that can evaluate the effects and the efficiency of the injection technology. This article describes the jet-penetration model and the decarburisation model. The validation of the model has been performed by the comparison with the experimental data of the Tenaris-Dalmine EAF and the KT Supersonic Injection System (the chemical package of Techint Technologies for the multi-point injection of oxygen, carbon and other fines into the EAF).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".