Under the Eyes of the Oppressors: Exploring the Spatial Oppression of African Nova Scotians
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Spatialization is a theoretical understanding of how space is used to enforce and replicate hierarchical power structures. Nova Scotia has used spatialized processes, such as enslavement, segregation, and panoptical power, to subjugate, oppress, and control African Nova Scotians for over 400 years. These practices of spatialization have been established and perpetuated by the law and legal mechanisms, creating a complex spatialized system of oppression against African Nova Scotians. This article defines spatialization, explores the historical and contemporary uses of spatialization, and analyzes the actuarial and symbolic effects created by spatialization. The author concludes by proposing remedial and reparative action that can be taken by the government and private actors to begin acknowledging and addressing these oppressive practices against African Nova Scotian people and communities. La spatialisation est une compréhension théorique de la manière dont l’espace est utilisé pour mettre en oeuvre et reproduire des structures de pouvoir hiérarchiques. La Nouvelle-Écosse a utilisé des processus spatialisés, tels que l’esclavage, la ségrégation et le pouvoir panoptique, pour soumettre, opprimer et contrôler les Néo-Écossais d’origine africaine pendant plus de 400 ans. Ces pratiques de spatialisation ont été établies et perpétuées par la loi et les mécanismes juridiques, créant ainsi un système complexe d’oppression spatialisée contre les Néo-Écossais africains. Cet article définit la spatialisation, explore les utilisations historiques et contemporaines de la spatialisation et analyse les effets actuariels et symboliques créés par la spatialisation. L’auteur conclut en proposant des mesures correctives et réparatrices qui peuvent être prises par le gouvernement et les acteurs privés pour commencer à reconnaître et à traiter ces pratiques oppressives à l’encontre des personnes et des communautés afro-néo-écossaises. This paper was one of the 2023–2024 recipients of the JSD Tory Writing Prize at Dalhousie University. *This contribution has not been peer-reviewed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.014 | 0.018 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".