Usefulness of the 1998 American academy of pediatrics recommendations to screen children and adolescents for raised blood low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children and adolescents with a family history of premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) and/or parental total cholesterol (TC) â¥6.2 mmol/L be screened for hypercholesterolemia. Questionnaires (from children and parents), clinical and blood sample data were collected in a provincially representative sample of 9-, 13-, and 16-year-olds (n = 2217) in Quebec to evaluate the usefulness of parental history (PH) of CVD and/or parental hypercholesterolemia to screen youth for raised low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Mean bias assessed by an external laboratory gold standard ranged from 1.0% to 2.1%, -0.4% to 5.1%, and -1.4% to 0.1% according to TC, triglyceride, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol tertiles. LDL-C was calculated using the Friedewald equation. Positive PH was defined as one/both biological parents diagnosed with a high cholesterol level, and/or taking cholesterol-lowering medication, and/or ever having had a heart attack, angina, stroke, cerebral vascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, and/or taking medication 'for the heart'. Performance statistics were calculated to determine the usefulness of PH in predicting borderline/high LDL-C (LDL-C â¥2.8 mmol/L) and high LDL-C (LDL-C â¥3.4 mmo1/L). 18.3% and 4.8% of subjects had borderline/high LDL-C and high LDL-C; positive predictive value (PPV) was 23.7% and 7.7%, respectively. Therefore PPVs were only marginally higher than the corresponding population prevalences and likelihood ratios were respectively 1.38 and 1.63: close to 1.00. In conclusion, PH offers little improvement over random screening.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".