Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and statins, and risk of prostate cancer in Montreal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and statins are associated with many solid tumours. We conducted a case-control study among French-speaking Montrealers (Canada) to estimate associations with use of NSAIDs or statins, and risk of prostate cancer.Methods : Data were collected from patients (n=1,429) aged 40 to 75 years, ascertained across the 11 major French hospitals in the Montreal Metropolitan area, newly diagnosed with prostate cancer between September 1, 2005 and December 31, 2010. Controls (n=1,543) were selected from the general population, were registered on Quebec's permanent electoral list as French speakers, resident in the Montreal Metropolitan area, were from the same electoral districts as cases, and were frequency-matched to cases by age (±5 years). Unconditional logistic regression with adjustment for potential confounding variables was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.Of the 2,972 subjects, 204 (6.9 %) were NSAID users, 589 (19.9 %) were daily low dose users of aspirin, and 415 (14 %) were statins users. Ever use of NSAIDs (adjusted OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 0.88-1.69) was not associated with prostate cancer risk. Likewise, current use or duration of use was also not associated with risk of prostate cancer. However, a self-reported history of using NSAID between 6-10 years before the reference date was inversely associated with prostate cancer risk (OR=0.43; 95% CI: 0.21-0.89). Use of daily low dose of aspirin was not significantly associated with prostate cancer (OR=1.02; 95% CI 0.85-1.24). Nonetheless, 18 % reduced risk of developing prostate was found with time since first use (2-5 years before reference date). There was no association between statin use and risk of prostate cancer (OR=1.20; 95% CI: 0.90-1.60). By contrast, men who had self-reported to have used statins for more than five years were positively associated with prostate cancer risk (OR=1.56; 95% CI: 1.07-2.27). Conclusion: Overall this study provides no strong evidence of either causation or prevention of prostate cancer by NSAIDs or daily low dose of aspirin or statin. However, timing in exposure and duration of use might have biological implications in the relation between these medications and prostate cancer risk.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".