WIPO's Development Agenda and the push for development-oriented capacitybuilding on intellectual property: How poor governance, weak management, and inconsistent demand hindered progress
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 2004, developing countries and civil society groups called for a new Development Agenda at the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). After three years of debate, they secured the adoption by WIPO Member States of the 2007 WIPO Development Agenda, comprising 45 recommendations for making development considerations an integral part of the organization's work, including in the area of capacity-building for developing countries. To date, however, there has been no scholarly analysis of trends in WIPO's assistance to developing countries. This paper argues that progress toward more development-oriented assistance in the decade following the call for a WIPO Development Agenda was disappointing. It proposes that greater movement toward more development-oriented WIPO assistance in the period from 2004 to 2015 was impeded by three intersecting factors: WIPO's weak governance system; poor management on the part of the WIPO Secretariat; and inconsistent demand for development-oriented assistance by recipient countries. In so doing, this paper acknowledges that the global politics of intellectual property (IP) protection and power asymmetries were background conditions that imposed real constraints on the scope for improvement, but argues that better governance and management of WIPO along with more consistent, strategic demand from intended beneficiaries could nonetheless have facilitated progress toward stronger-development orientation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.015 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".