Associations of Human Leukocyte Antigen G with Resistance and Susceptibility to HIV-Ilnfection in the Pumwani Sexworker Cohort
Bibliographic record
Abstract
HlV/AIDS is currently a global pandemic with an estimated 33.3 million persons living with HlV / AIDS worldwide. One of the best hopes for eliminating the spread of HIV is in developing an effective vaccine. A group of sex trade workers in Pumwani, Kenya are resistant to HIV -1 infection despite frequent exposure and provide an example of natural protective irrununity. Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) class I and II molecules have been shown to be associated with resistance/susceptibility in this cohort. HLA-G is a non-classical class I allele that is primarily involved in mucosal and inflammatory defence. In this study, we examined the influence of HLA-G genotypes on the resistance to HlV -1 infection using a sequenced based method. The G*O 1:0 1:01 genotype was significantly associated with resistance to HIV-I infection (p-value 0.002, OR = 2.11, 95% CIO.259-0.976). The G*01:04:04 genotype was significantly associated with susceptibility to HlV-I infection (p-value 0.039, OR = 0.502, 95% CI 0.259-0.976). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis correlated with these results. G*01:01:01 genotype was associated with significantly slower rate of seroconversion. Alternatively, G*OI :04:04 genotype was significantly associated with an increased rate of seroconversion. Our study showed that functionally active HLA-G alleles play an important role in resistance/susceptibility to HIV -1 infection. Since HLA-G is important in mucosal and inflammatory responses further studies need to be conducted to better understand it's functional significance in HlV -1 transmission.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".