Assessing the transportability of a violence-prevention parenting program in three diverse country contexts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Globally, physical and emotional punishments are the most prevalent forms of violence against children. Parents often justify punitive violence as ‘discipline’. Not only is punitive violence a risk factor for physical and mental health issues; it is also a human rights violation. Parenting education is an important component of strategies to eliminate punitive violence. However, most programs have been developed and evaluated in Western contexts. There is little information about the process of transporting these programs or their performance in diverse contexts. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the transportability of Positive Discipline in Everyday Parenting (PDEP), a rights-informed parenting program aimed at reducing support for punitive violence. Through a multi-case study conducted in three highly diverse contexts, I assessed the process of transporting PDEP and examined preliminary evidence of its effectiveness. First, I explored the transportability of PDEP to the occupied Palestinian territories, a region beset by decades of conflict, where many parents have low levels of education. Despite substantial challenges in the transportation process, virtually all of the 216 Palestinian parents perceived PDEP as relevant and their support for punishment decreased over the course of the program. Second, I investigated the transportability of PDEP to Japan, a country with a strong emphasis on child obedience and family hierarchy – and where thousands of families were affected by the 2011 earthquake. PDEP was delivered to 141 mothers; 82 from the earthquake-affected region and the 59 from Tokyo. Transporting PDEP to Japan was a relatively straightforward process. Nearly100% of the mothers perceived PDEP as highly relevant and reported less support for punitive violence over the course of the program. Third, I evaluated the transportability of the PDEP Facilitator Training program to Indonesia with a sample of 86 volunteer community health workers with low levels of education. This was a complicated process requiring substantial program adaptation. Facilitators reported high satisfaction with PDEP and perceived it as helpful in reducing parents’ support for punitive violence. Together, these findings indicate that PDEP is transportable to highly diverse and challenging contexts and is a promising program for shifting attitudes toward punitive violence globally.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".