Antibiotic Sensitivity of Bacterial Pathogens Isolated From Bovine Mastitis Samples
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The goal of the proposed study is to investigate antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from bovine milk samples. The 16 antibiotics that were evaluated (e.g., penicillin, novobiocin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol) are commonly used to treat various diseases in cattle, including mastitis in dairy cows. A common concern in using antibiotics is the increase in drug resistance with time. This project will determine if antibiotic resistance is a threat and if these antibiotics are still effective against mastitis pathogens. The study includes isolating and culturing bacteria from quarter milk samples (n=205) collected from mastitic dairy cows from farms in Chino and Ontario. The isolated bacteria were tested for sensitivity to antibiotics using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. The prevalence (%) of resistance to the individual antibiotics, as well as antibiotic families (ex. Beta-lactams), will be reported. The study will be expanded to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA) among the isolates. Genetic confirmation of these species will be conducted using PCR and gel electrophoresis targeting Staph756F, Staph750R, and the nuc gene. Isolates that are confirmed as Staph. aureus will be tested for resistance to cefoxitin, oxacillin, methicillin, and mupirocin. Genetic confirmation will focus on detection of the mecA gene, a gene normally found in bacteria resistant to penicillin-type drugs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".