Before time powered mobility - development in typically developing infants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Infants and toddlers with disabilities follows the same developmental paths as typically developing children, but build individual patterns of achievements in their own pace. Aim: To illustrate development in infants who got opportunities to experience locomotion before the age when they developed the physical abilities to move by rolling, crawling, creeping or walking. Method: Re-analysis of old video-data collected with typically developing infants testing a joystick-operated powered wheelchair. The analysis of infants’ tool-use behaviours were compared to current knowledge of infant development. The video-data included 40 tests with 17 infants, 3-12 months old, who made one test/month (15-30 minutes), at up to six occasions. Results: Experiences of locomotion developed the infants understanding of cause effect – act on joystick makes the powered wheelchair move – for some already at the age of 3-4 months. Furthermore, attention and wakefulness increased and use of hand/s to touch surfaces and grasp things became more exploratory. The locomotion experience increased attention, perception and understanding of the situation, which encouraged the infants to do further explorations. Up to the age of 7-8 months infants stayed engaged in the situation longer than expected. Conclusion: Before time experiences of self-produced locomotion in a powered wheelchair developed attention-regulation, exploratory behaviour, tool-use understanding and self-consciousness in typically developing infants. These abilities are important for acting and interacting with the social and physical environment and growing consciousness of the world. Thereby, these findings support early provision of powered mobility to infants, toddlers and children with disabilities. References: Nilsson, L. and P. Nyberg (1998). Training in powered wheelchair, benefits for individuals at an early developmental level. Poster presentation. The 12th International Congress of the World Federation of Occupational Therapists, Montreal, Canada. Kenyon, L. and L. Nilsson (2021). Early tool-use learning: Using Powered Mobility to Enhance Development. 33rd Annual EACD Meeting: European Academy of Childhood Disability. Virtual conference. Learning objectives: Gaining increased awareness of how experiences of self-produced locomotion can impact on infants’ general development Perceiving infants as beings with unexpected abilities for tool-use and interaction with the world. Supporting provision of opportunities for powered mobility to infants and toddlers with disabilities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".