Biology and control of the European pine shoot moth in western Washington
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The European pine shoot moth was fo und in New York State i n 1914 .One year l ater, as the result of a survey in New Yor k and neighboring states, the Federal Government placed a quarantine against the importation of pines from Europe .The insect is presently established in the Uo S. as far west as Ohio and Wisconsino In 1927, the i nsect was discovered near Victoria on Vancouver Island in British Columbia.The infested pines, Mugho and Japanese red, were destroyed and the pine shoot moth was not seen again offi cially in British Columbia until 1938.A second attempt to eradicate was made at this time.Subsequently, it was recorded from Vancouver, B. C. in 1941 and 1943 and in Victoria in 1956 and 1958.In May of 1959, specimens of the European pine shoot moth were taken from pines in Bellevue, Washington and from pines in a nursery just south of Seattle.~lthough this is the first official record of the pest in Washington, there is evidence to indicate it was in the state as early as 1955 or 1956.Stock in the nursery south of Seattle shows irregular or distorted growth which is apparently identical to the growth resulting from known shoot moth injury.These abnormal growths are from five to seven years old.. Perhaps the most destructive and noticeable character is the "post horn" growth, a development suggestive of a shepherd's crook.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".