A Call to Action: How the Truth and Reconciliation Commission has influenced policing policy and practice in Ontario.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Indigenous peoples in Canada are impacted by current socio-economic marginality, colonialism, and intergenerational trauma that perpetuates systemic racism, overrepresentation within the criminal justice system, and a paradox of over and under-policing. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) detailed the roles of colonialism and fostered an environment for reconciliation through the Calls to Action. The current research aims to examine how police policy, practice, and training in Southern Ontario has been modified to include the justice Calls for Action set out by the TRC and the extent to which police interactions with Indigenous peoples has been affected following the publication of the TRC. This research will aim to answer the main question; how do police officers understand the TRC within the context of their role in the justice system, professional training, and decision making? Using the theoretical framework of decolonization, social constructionism, and critical race theory, this research will also explore how police officers understand the TRC, how the TRC has influenced police training, how the justice principles from the TRC have been implemented into the application of the law, and how police policy can be changed to address the present overrepresentation of Indigenous adults and youth in the criminal justice system. A qualitative study with semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine police officers from the Kitchener-Waterloo Regional Police Service and the Halton Regional Police Service. Data analysis was conducted through thematic content analysis and coding methods found in grounded theory. The findings of this research indicate that the TRC Report and specifically Calls to Action numbers 30, 31, 38, 42, 50, and 57, have had minimal impact on influencing police policy or application of the law to correct the present overrepresentation of Indigenous adults and youth in the criminal justice system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.028 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".