Chlorine dioxide as a potable water disinfectant : application, residuals, and by-products monitoring
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objectives of this work where to study the effectiveness of the standard DPD (N, N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine) method's for the detection of chlorine dioxide.This included evaluating calibration using potassium permanganate and alternative free chlorine masking agents, diethanolamine and triethanolamine.Additional objectives included the development of suitable spectrophotometric methods alternative to DPD from which a new detection platform could be established.Candidates such as N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD), alizarin red S (ARS), and copper(Il) sulfate were selected.Results suggest that calibration of DPD using a potassium permanganate surrogate is susceptible to temporal changes, whereas use of diethanolamine and triethanolamine as a free available chlorine mask proved to interfere with DPD chlorine dioxide testing.Use of Alizarin red S provided a detection mechanism for chlorine dioxide (0-4 ppm) in the presence of low concentrations of chlorite ion (0.2 and 0.5 ppm).Detection of chlorite concentrations using copper(Il) sulfate were established for chlorite concentrations ranging from to 6 ppm to 10 ppm which is much higher than regulated residual concentrations in drinking water.Lastly, the combination of TMPD and cerium(IV) provided for residual chlorine dioxide analysis in concentrations less than I ppm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".