Detector readout electronics for EBEX: a balloon-borne cosmic microwave background polarimeter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
EBEX (the E and B Experiment) is a balloon-borne telescope with 8' resolution primarily designed to detect the B-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation, which would represent strong evidence for the inflationary period of the universe. EBEX will also characterize the galactic dust and the gravitational lensing. During a 11 day long duration science flight over Antarctica scheduled for the Austral Summer of 2012-2013, EBEX will operate 872, 436 and 256 spider-web transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers at 150, 250 and 410 GHz, respectively, and observe a 350 square degree patch of sky.The EBEX engineering flight in June 2009 over New Mexico and Arizona provided the first usage of both a large array of TES bolometers and a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) based multiplexed readout system in a space-like environment. The sensors were read out with a new SQUID-based digital frequency domain multiplexed (DfMUX) readout system that was designed to meet the low noise, low power consumption and robust autonomous operation requirements presented by a balloon experiment. The DfMUX readout system successfully tuned, monitored and operated the EBEX camera at float. This successful demonstration increases the technology readiness level of these bolometers and the associated readout system for future space missions.In preparation for the science flight, the bolometer specifications to optimize the sensitivity of the EBEX camera have been calculated and verified to provide EBEX with the required sensitivity to meet its science goals. A series of bolometer wafers were produced at University of California, Berkeley, and characterized at McGill University and University of Minnesota. From these wafers, 14 have been selected for integration for the EBEX long duration balloon flight. The multiplexing factor of the DfMUX readout system has also been demonstrated to be improved from 8 to 16. An algorithm allowing for the monitoring of the camera setup and the camera performance at float has been developed. The camera operator will use this algorithm to the camera during flight in order to optimize both the observing time of the telescope and the sensitivity of the camera. EBEX is ready to perform its long-duration science flight.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".