Europafacklig samverkan. Problem och möjligheter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The overarching aim of this thesis is to examine the conditions for cooperation\namong trade unions in Europe, and to identify factors making it easier or more difficult.\nThe dissertation centers on two crucial areas: wage determination and working-\ntime regulation. The theoretical framework combines theories of industrial relations\nregimes with ideas on meta-organizations, and an approach focusing on the\npower resources of trade unions.\nThe empirical data was collected through a web survey sent by e-mail to all member\norganizations of the ETUC, all the ETUFs and trade unions just below the central\nlevel in 14 European countries. I also carried out interviews, made observations at\ntrade union meetings and collected all kinds of documents. Trade unions in different\ncountries and institutional settings were strategically selected for the interviews\nand the survey.\nIn study I, I examine the revision of the EU Working Time Directive and how European\ntrade unions and employer organizations have responded to this revision.\nStudy II explores trade union attitudes towards issues of future wage setting on national\nand European level, and in particular, their attitudes towards statutory minimum\nwages. In study III I address the conditions for transnational trade union cooperation\nin the wake of the Laval case, and examine whether the case is perceived\nto have affected European trade union relations. Study IV, finally, focuses on trade\nunion attitudes towards a European regulation of working time and whether these\nattitudes are related to what industrial regime the trade unions belong to. The article\nalso compares the trade union approach to a European working time regulation\nwith the approach to a European regulation of minimum wage.\nThe analyses showed that comparative regime theory has quite large explanatory\npower as to various union attitudes towards certain regulations, strategies and cooperation\nin Europe. Whereas today there is increasing support among trade unions\nin Europe towards statutory minimum wages on European level, there is rejection\nof this solution among the Nordic unions who insist on keeping their system\nwith negotiated wage-setting. The results can be understood with reference to differences\nin the domestic labour market and to the strength of the trade unions or,\nin other words, their membership and bargaining power. Trade unions in countries\nwith high union density and strong collective bargaining power are inclined to preserve\ntheir current wage systems, whereas trade unions in countries with weak bargaining\npower are more likely to seek new ways to defend wages. However, as I\nargue based on the analyses, trade union attitudes towards transnational cooperation\nmay also be issue-specific, which the case of a European working-time regulation\nillustrates. Although institutional differences between countries are important\nobstacles they cannot alone explain union cooperation or the lack of union cooperation\nin Europe.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.068 | 0.020 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".