Federal loyalty in Canadian law: mitigating intergovernmental conflict during the Trans Mountain pipeline expansion project
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Intergovernmental conflicts in Canada have intensified over the construction of new interprovincial pipelines designed to transport the country's abundant oil and gas reserves to consumer markets.This thesis examines the intricate intergovernmental interactions at the policy, governance, constitutional, and regulatory levels in the pipeline context, using the Trans Mountain Expansion Project as a case study.It seeks to mitigate opposition between governments by proposing that courts be equipped with additional constitutional tools to promote cooperative behaviour.Specifically, this thesis advocates for incorporating a principle of federal loyalty into Canadian constitutional law.This principle could offer a normative foundation for the Supreme Court's recent support of cooperative federalism by establishing rules to manage conflicts arising from intergovernmental collaboration.It would require federal partners to consult and cooperate with each other when exercising their otherwise legitimate powers to prevent harming or generating negative externalities for the other partners. RÉSUMÉLes conflits intergouvernementaux au Canada se sont intensifiés autour de la construction de nouveaux oléoducs interprovinciaux destinés à transporter les abondantes réserves de pétrole et de gaz du pays vers les marchés de consommation.Cette thèse examine les interactions intergouvernementales complexes au niveau de la politique, de la gouvernance, de la constitution et de la réglementation dans le contexte des oléoducs, en utilisant le projet d'agrandissement du réseau de Trans Mountain comme étude de cas.Elle cherche à atténuer l'opposition entre les gouvernements en proposant que les tribunaux soient dotés d'outils constitutionnels supplémentaires pour promouvoir un comportement coopératif.Plus précisément, cette thèse préconise l'intégration d'un principe de loyauté fédérale dans le droit constitutionnel canadien.Ce principe pourrait offrir un fondement normatif au soutien récent de la Cour suprême au fédéralisme coopératif en établissant des règles pour gérer les conflits découlant de la collaboration intergouvernementale. Il exigerait des partenaires fédéraux qu'ils se consultent et coopèrent entre eux lorsqu'ils exercent leurs pouvoirs par ailleurs légitimes, afin d'éviter de nuire aux autres partenaires ou de générer des externalités négatives pour eux.invaluable guidance and support throughout the past two years.This thesis would not have been possible without her input, expertise, and dedicated mentorship.I am also grateful to my fellow LLM
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.027 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.060 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.011 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".