Gendered Terrorism: Radicalisation of Western Women in Islamic State
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore how the gendered recruitment of IS advances the radicalisation process of Western women (those that originate from Europe, US, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand) to support violent extremism. The objectives of this research are: to explore the feminist critique on current theories of radicalisation and terrorism; to investigate the IS terrorist organisation as a case study; to identify the motivating factors that directly link to radicalisation of women in IS; and to investigate women’s agency in the political violence relative to their supportive roles in Islamist violent extremism. This study presents first the background about the issue of women’s radicalisation and then introduces the theoretical framework. This research then provides a background of the case study about the IS particularly on the radicalisation of women to support violent extremism of the Islamic State. The case study reveals that the motivations of women who take part in the IS campaign considerably vary. This research suggests an effective gendered approach that will recognise women’s agency, their varying motivations, and the complex roles they play in the IS operations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".