Irish-Catholic journalists and the new nationality in Canada: 1857-1870 / by David Shanahan. --
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examines the growth of the concept of a ??New \nNationality" as it became the ideology of a nation, and the means by \nwhich an ethnic group was "Canadianized". The main sources are the \narticles and speeches of Irish Catholic journalists as published in \nnewspapers which represent a cross-section of political and geographical \nareas, showing the struggle for a new nationality as it was worked out \nin the Irish Catholic press. \nThe concept of a new nationality did not originate in British \nNorth America; its roots lay in early nineteenth century Ireland and \nit was brought to British America by an Irish Catholic journalist. The \naudience he and other journalists addressed was made up in large part \nof Irish Catholics only recently arrived in the New World, still bearing \ntheir memories, history, culture and prejudices. Between 1858, when the \nfirst proposals for Confederation were introduced in the Canadian \nAssembly, andil870, when the new Dominion consolidated its acquisition \nof the West, the new nationality was central to the scheme of Confederation. \nIn the 1860's especially, Irish Catholics were faced with painful \nchoices as they settled into a new land. The role of Irish Catholic \njournalists is important in this period, not just to the general application \nof the new nationality, but more particularly in the process of \nassimilation experienced by the Irish Catholic community. In that struggle \nthe concept of a new nationality played a major part. For Irish Catholic \nimmigrants, their leaders were their journalists; -and it was in the pages \nof their newspapers that the new nationality was debated and preached.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.015 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".