Jeunes et gangs de rue: l’informel comme lieu et forme d’action politique à Montréal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
À travers une étude critique du débat québécois sur les gangs de rue, actuellement structuré par un cadre d’intervention axé sur la catégorisation des jeunes « à risque » d’être recrutés par les gangs, cet article explore le rapport des jeunes (liés ou non aux gangs) à l’État. Dans un premier temps, le texte se penche sur la construction sociale de la menace attribuée aux gangs de rue afin de mettre au jour les logiques d’action qui sous-tendent les activités des gangs de rue comme celles des programmes de prévention. Par la comparaison de ces logiques d’action que nous qualifions d’urbaine pour les jeunes et les gangs de rue et d’actuarielle pour les programmes de prévention, le texte suggère que les programmes de prévention en place ont un triple effet : stigmatisation, dépolitisation et moralisation. L’analyse de ces effets conduit, dans un troisième temps, à des réflexions plus théoriques sur la notion de citoyenneté (urbaine) et sa pertinence pour comprendre le rapport que les jeunes qui évoluent dans des milieux illicites ont avec l’État. En conclusion, le texte considère la notion d’informalité et pose une question qui demeure ouverte : est-ce que la notion de citoyenneté peut s’accommoder du mode informel de rapport à l’État que l’on retrouve chez ces jeunes et bien d’autres citadins ? ===== Based on a critical analysis of the public debate on street gangs in Quebec, which is currently structured by preventive actions geared towards “at-risk” youth, this paper explores the relationship that youth construct with the State. Firstly, the article analyses the social construction of the threat attributed to street gangs in order to reveal the underlying logics of gang activities as much as of preventive programs. By comparing these two logics of action which are called “urban” for youth and street gangs and “actuarial” for preventive programs, the paper suggests that preventive measures in Montreal have a threefold effect: stigmatisation, depoliticisation, and moralisation. The analysis of these effects leads in the third part of the paper to theoretical reflections on the notion of (urban) citizenship and its relevance for understanding the relationship that youth using illicit vectors construct with the State. The paper concludes with an exploration of the notion of informality and asks an open question: Can the notion of citizenship accommodate the informal mode of relation that youth and many other urban dwellers develop with the State?
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".