Long-term follow-up of ACL reconstruction: Insight into the natural history of altered biomechanics of the knee joint
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The goal of ACL reconstruction is to restore stability to the knee joint and prevent the onset of osteoarthritis. Little is known of the long-term natural history of a knee joint that has undergone ACL reconstruction. Our study set out to investigate changes in the knee joint following ACL reconstruction. This retrospective study examined 68 participants who had received a semitendinosus/gracilis autograft ACL reconstruction a mean 14.6 years prior. Clinical evaluation involved radiographic analysis, IKDC knee examination form, instrumented laxity testing with the KT-1000 arthrometer, Tegner Activity Scale, Lysholm Knee Score, ACL QOL outcome questionnaire, and knee flexor/extensor strength testing using the Biodex III dynamometer. We observed increased incidence of OA in the reconstructed knee compared to the contralateral knee, especially in the medial compartment. Tegner Activity Score was reduced from the pre-injury level. We also report a significant decrease in knee extensor strength in the reconstructed knee compared to the contralateral knee. In conclusion, the semitendinosus/gracilis hamstring autograft showed an increased incidence of OA compared to contralateral knee, but a very good clinical outcome in the majority of patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".