MENTAL RETARDATION IN AMERICA: A HISTORICAL READER
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction / Steven Noll and James W. Trent Jr. -- Pt. I. Before the asylum -- A selection from report made to the legislature of Massachusetts (1848) / Samuel G. Howe -- A thesis on idiocy / William B. Fish -- Ch. 1. The legacy of the Almshouse / Philip M. Ferguson -- Ch. 2. "Beside her sat her idiot child": families and developmental disability in mid-nineteenth-century America / Penny L. Richards -- Pt. II. Defining and categorizing: Establishing "the other" -- Report of committee on classification of feeble-minded -- The new classification (tentative) of the feeble-minded: editorial -- Ch. 3. Mongols in our midst: John Langdon Down and the ethnic classification of idiocy, 1858-1924 / David Wright -- Ch. 4. "Mongolian imbecility": race and its rejection in the understanding of a mental disease / Daniel J. Kevles -- Ch. 5. Rearing the child who never grew: ideologies of parenting and intellectual disability in American history / Janice Brockley -- Ch. 6. The parable of the Kallikak family: explaining the meaning of heredity in 1912 / Leila Zenderland -- Ch. 7. Fictional voices and viewpoints for the mentally deficient, 1929- 1939 / Gerald Schmidt -- Ch. 8. Sexuality and storytelling: literary representations of the "feebleminded" in the age of sterilization / Karen Keely -- Pt. III. The age of institutionalization and sterilization -- The eugenical sterilization of the feeble-minded / Harry Laughlin -- Ch. 9. The criminalization of mental retardation / Nicole Rafter -- Ch. 10. The state and the multiply disadvantaged: the case of epilepsy / Ellen Duryer -- Ch. 11. The "sociological advantages" of sterilization: fiscal policies and feeble-minded women in interwar Minnesota / Molly Ladd-Taylor -- Pt. IV. From top and bottom: parents and the state in the mid-twentieth century hope for retarded children / Eunice Kennedy Shriver -- Ch. 12. "Mental deficients" fighting fascism: the unplanned normalization of World War II / Stephen A. Gelb -- Ch. 13. Education for children with mental retardation: parent activism, public policy, and family ideology in the 1950s / Kathleen W. Jones -- Ch. 14. "Nice, average Americans": postwar parents' groups and the defense of the normal family / Katherine Castles -- Ch. 15. Formal health care at the community level: the child development clinics of the 1950s and 1960s / Wendy M. Nehring -- Ch. 16. A pivotal place in special education policy: the first Arkansas children's colony / Elizabeth F. Shores -- Pt. V. The promise and problems of community placement: back to a beginning? -- U.S. Supreme Court decision on capital punishment and mental retardation (2002) -- Ch. 17. Historical social geography / Deborah S. Metzel -- Ch. 18. The litigator as reformer / David J. Rothman and Sheila M. Rothman - - Ch. 19. No profits, just a pittance: work, compensation, and people defined as mentally disabled in Ontario, 1964-1990 / Geoffrey Reaume -- Ch. 20. Family values / Michael Berube -- About the contributors -- Index
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".