Painful and non-painful comorbid conditions associated with painful TMD in adolescents from Montreal, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Painful and non-painful comorbid conditions associated with painful TMD in adolescents from Montreal, CanadaKhan K1,2, Gornitsky M.1,2, Velly AM.1,2 Dental Department - Jewish General Hospital1, Faculty of Dentistry - McGill University2 Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the association between painful comorbidities (i.e., headache, neck pain, back pain, gastrointestinal pain) and non-painful comorbidities (i.e., allergy, asthma) with painful TMD among adolescents (14 to 17 years old). Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, 313 students (145 males and 168 females with a mean age of 15.1 years; 14 to 17 years old) were recruited at randomly selected high schools in Montreal, Canada. A self-administered questionnaire was used to determine the presence of painful TMD and comorbidities. Statistics: Chi-square and student t-test were used to test the statistical differences between participants with and without painful TMD. To assess the association between painful and non-painful comorbidities with painful TMD, crude and multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for age and gender were conducted. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated in the regression analyses. Results: We found an 23% (72/313) prevalence of painful TMD subjects in our study population, 29% males (21/72) and 71% females (51/72) with a mean age of 15.1 0.8 months. Significant differences in frequency were noted among individuals that complained of headache (62% cases and 23% controls) p < 0.0001, back pain (86% cases and 57% controls) p < 0.0001, neck pain (70% cases and 48% controls) p = 0.001 and stomach pain (77% cases and 56% controls) p = 0.0013. Results from crude analysis show a strong association between painful TMD cases with headache (ORÂ = 5.46), and back pain (ORÂ = 4.74), but after multivariate analyses adjusted for age and gender, only headaches were strongly associated with painful TMD, OR = 3.27 (95% CI: 1.72 â 6.23) with a p < 0.0001. Girls with painful TMD presented higher odds of headache (OR = 7.42, 95% CI: 3.35 â 16.46, p <.0001) and back pain (OR = 2.95, 95% CI:Â 1.002-8.67, p = 0.0495), and boys with painful TMD presented higher likelihood of neck pain (OR = 3.73, 95% CI: 1.001-12.05, p = 0.049). Conclusion: In summary, we have found that painful TMD is common among adolescents and that subjects with this condition are more likely to present with headache, neck and back pain. Females had a greater likelihood of exposure to these comorbidities than males. Early detection and management of painful TMD is important and a multidisciplinary approach is suggested to help relieve the various conditions that accompany chronic pain in young patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".