Plectosphaerella cucuminera: a potential bioherbicide for Cirsium arvense
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plectosphaerella cucuminera, a fungal pathogen of several plant species globally, has recently been confirmed as a naturally-occurring disease-causing agent in Cirsium arvense in pastures in New Zealand. To explore its potential as a bio-herbicide, five green-house/growth-cabinet experiments were conducted between 2006 and 2013, two in New Zealand and three in Canada (the latter comparing Canadian and New Zealand isolates). A sixth experiment, in a pasture in New Zealand, provided “proof-of-concept” using the New Zealand isolate. The fungus defoliated C. arvense plants under both the greenhouse and field conditions when applied at 1013 conidia ha-1 in water volumes ranging from 250-1500 L ha-1. Disease levels were highest with multiple applications of conidia, the addition of Pulse wetting agent, temperatures around 20°C and 48 h leaf wetness following application. Isolates of P. cucuminera obtained from C. arvense both in New Zealand and Canada caused similar levels of disease under a range of environmental conditions indicating a global opportunity for its development as a bio-herbicide.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".