Radial carpal bone fracture in 13 dogs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The authors report 13 dogs with radiocarpal bone fracture.The lesion was bilateral in six cases and unilater-alin seven. Clinical and radiographic examination ofboth the carpal joints was performed. One or two fracturelines, sagittal oblique and dorsal, of the radial carpalbone were detected. CT examination of two radialcarpal bones helped in a better visualization of thefracture lines. A dorsal bone fragment of a fracturedradial carpal bone was removed in one dog. Histopathologyrevealed the presence of fibro-connective tissueon the fracture surface of the bone fragment. Thefibro-connective tissue did not seem to be the sequelto acute or chronic diseases, nor to any pathologicalhealing process. The cancellous bone of the fragmentwas normal as was the bulk of the articular cartilageexamined. A CT guided biopsy, including the sagittaloblique fracture surface of the radial carpal bone, wasalso performed. The specimens revealed the presenceof immature cancellous bone with diffuse immaturecartilage areas. The radial carpal bone has three separatecentres of ossification: the primitive radial carpalbone, the central and intermediate carpal bone. Thefusion of these centres occurs at 3-4 months of age.Histopathological findings suggest a possible "incompletefusion" of the centres of ossification rather thana true fracture of the radial carpal bone or alternativelya "fatigue fracture". A similar condition, involvingthe distal part of the humerus, was originally reportedin several Cocker Spaniel dogs, and more recently inRottweilers and Labrador Retrievers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".