Selfhood and identity formation in Daniel Defoe's Roxana and Eliza Haywood's The history of Miss Betsy Thoughtless
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The eighteenth century brought with it an altered general outlook and increased public attention to the personal, individual experience, accompanied by an incurred necessity to question tradition.This provided the perfect backdrop for the development of a new genre in literature, the novel.Writers experimented with philosophical theories of the self, giving these theories relevance through the intimate experiences of fictional characters.Novels were intended as a form of leisurely entertainment, but with the power to influence moral or ethical improvement.They highlighted questions of virrue but simultaneously illustrated that public opinion controlled perceptions of virtue.This social critique becomes emphasized in novels throughout the eighteenth century.As an issue that was more traditionally definable through the female experience, mlny novelists focused on female central characters to engage with ideas about proper behaviour and personal improvement.Such questions were challenged by skepticism, and social concems and traditional values were examined and critiqued alongside, or within, examples of how to better oneself.Daniel Defoe andEliza Haywood brought public attention to the cultural concem with acceptable public behaviour and raised questions about the strictly defined standards for conduct that differentiated a public from a private self.They emphasize that independent conceptions of oneself cannot be isolated from one's links to society.Defoe and Haywood engaged with contemporary philosophical theories of the self while critiquing tradition and social expectation to relate a more encompassing understanding of the self with its multitude of influences.lll For Dad, I miss you every single day.I continue to be guided by your love and the example of your character.For my Mom, whose unfaltering belief in me continues to always see rne through..
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.013 | 0.033 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".