The rotational feedback on linear-momentum balance in glacial isostatic adjustmen
Bibliographic record
Abstract
known as glacial-isostatic adjustment (GIA), on the Earth’s rotational dynamics has long been known. Equally\nimportant is the effect of the changes in the rotational dynamics on the viscoelastic deformation of the Earth. This\nsignal, known as the rotational feedback, or more precisely, the rotational feedback on the sea-level equation, has\nbeen mathematically described by the sea-level equation extended for the term that is proportional to perturbation\nin the centrifugal potential and the second-degree tidal Love number.\nThe perturbation in the centrifugal force due to changes in the Earth’s rotational dynamics enters not only into\nthe sea-level equation, but also into the conservation law of linear momentum such that the internal viscoelastic\nforce, the perturbation in the gravitational force and the perturbation in the centrifugal force are in balance. Adding\nthe centrifugal-force perturbation to the linear-momentum balance creates an additional rotational feedback on\nthe viscoelastic deformations of the Earth. We term this feedback mechanism as the rotational feedback on the\nlinear-momentum balance.\nWe extend both the time-domain method for modelling the GIA response of laterally heterogeneous earth models\nand the traditional Laplace-domain method for modelling the GIA-induced rotational response to surface loading\nby considering the rotational feedback on linear-momentum balance. The correctness of the mathematical extensions\nof the methods is validated numerically by comparing the polar motion response to the GIA process and\nthe rotationally-induced degree 2 and order 1 spherical harmonic component of the surface vertical displacement\nand gravity field. We present the difference between the case where the rotational feedback on linear-momentum\nbalance is considered against that where it is not. Numerical simulations show that the resulting difference in radial\ndisplacement and sea-level change between these situations since the Last Glacial Maximum reaches values of \n25 m and 1.8 m, respectively. Furthermore, the surface deformation pattern is modified by up to 10% in areas\nof former or ongoing glaciation, but by up to 50% at the bottom of the southern Indian ocean. This also results\nin the movement of coastlines during the last deglaciation to differ between the two cases due to the difference\nin the ocean loading, which is seen for instance in the area around Hudson Bay, Canada, and along the Chinese,\nAustralian, or Argentinian coastlines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".