Social cognitive impairments:are there differences between various neurological patient groups?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background It is known that impairments in social cognitive functioning occur in various neurological disorders such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), brain tumour, Parkinsons Disease, and other. Impairments in social cognition can be diverse including difficulties with perceiving social information (emotion recognition), understanding social information (taking perspective, Theory of Mind), and regulating behaviour. Which of these aspects is most apparent varies between patients. So far, it is not clear whether neurological patient groups show differences in social cognitive impairments. Therefore, the aim of this explorative study is to investigate if there is variance in how social cognitive impairments manifest across various neurological disorders. Methods 69 patients with various neurological disorders (14 TBI, 19 stroke, 15 brain tumour, 12 MS and 9 other) with social cognitive or behavioural impairments were included and compared to 55 healthy controls, matched on age, gender and educational level. All participants performed the Eckman-60faces-test (EFT) to measure emotion recognition, Happé cartoon test and Faux-pas test measuring Theory of Mind, and Dysexecutive Questionnaire self-administered and proxy-administered (DEX-self and DEX-proxy) to measure behaviour. Only patients filled in the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Differences between patients and healthy controls were tested by means of independent sample t-tests. To measure the differences between the patient groups, a one-way ANOVA was used. Results All patients scored significantly lower on the EFT-Total score (p < .05), Happé cartoon test (p < .001), DEX-self (p < .001), and Dex-proxy (p < .001) compared to healthy controls. Patients did not significantly differ from healthy controls on the Faux-pas test. Furthermore, results showed no significant differences between the various patient groups on any of the tests or questionnaires. Discussion This study shows that impairments in social cognition indeed occur in various neurological patient groups. Between the different patient groups, no differences were found with regard to any of the aspects of their social cognitive impairments (emotion recognition, Theory of Mind and behaviour). This suggests that the variance in social cognitive impairment differs more between single patients than between specific patient groups, which stresses the importance to consider and measure social cognitive impairments in various neurological patient groups. Moreover, these results suggest that available evidence-based treatments (such as T-ScEmo) could apply for all neurological patients with social cognitive impairments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".