Tuktu Past, Present, and Future: State of Torngat Mountains Caribou and their Forage in a Changing Environment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) populations are in decline across Canada, making this charismatic species a major conservation concern. For Inuit of Northern Labrador and Quebec, caribou are a cultural keystone species with nutritional, cultural, and spiritual value. Inuit have long been aware that the Torngat Mountains Caribou (TMC) population is distinct from the overlapping George River Caribou (GRC) herd, but this distinction has only recently been recognized by federal and provincial governments. Therefore, limited TMC specific data are available. The objective of this thesis is to summarize existing information on the TMC, identify knowledge gaps, and contribute to the growing body of research on the TMC. One threat facing the TMC is climate change. Arctic warming has resulted in shrub expansion in Eastern Canada’s tundra which, in turn, has negatively impacted lichens, an important caribou food source. This study investigates changes to caribou forage availability due to ambient and experimental warming at two tundra sites located within the range of the TMC in Nunatsiavut, Labrador. The main questions we address are: 1) What proportion of total vegetation is suitable caribou forage and how has this changed with time and experimental warming? 2) Which forage species are most impacted by recent climate change? To answer these questions, we analyzed vegetation data collected over a 14-year period within the TMC’s range. Permanent, control and warming plots were established at Nakvak Brook and Torr Bay in 2007 and 2009 respectively and re-sampled every 3-6 years. From these vegetation data, we identified species of high, medium, and low caribou forage quality based on published literature. We then modelled the observed changes in forage availability. Results of this study found that caribou are more likely to be forage limited in the winter than during the summer. Consistent with shrub expansion, we found that birch, and ericaceous shrub species increased with time at Torr Bay. Conversely, we found that willow species declined in abundance at Nakvak Brook. We did not find that lichen species were significantly affected by time or warming at either of our sites. Our research provides valuable insight into recent changes in caribou forage availability for the TMC. This knowledge will help to inform appropriate conservation and management measures so that the TMC can continue to persist and contribute to the social-ecological resilience of northern communities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".