Stratospheric Odd Nitrogen: Measurements of HNO3, NO and O3 near 54°N in Winter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Data obtained during three stratospheric measurement campaigns from Cold Lake, Alberta (100.0°W, 54.4°N), in February 1977, 1978, and 1979 are presented. Altitude profiles of NO, HNO3, O3, CFM‐11, CFM‐12, and N2O and ground‐based total column measurements of NO2 were obtained and are compared with similar measurements made at 51°N in summer. The winter data demonstrate enhanced variability when compared with summer conditions, but in general in winter (1) there is a greater abundance of HNO3 and the stratospheric layer is thicker, (2) there is less nitric oxide particularly in the 18‐ to 28‐km region and the vertical distributions are characterized by strong mixing ratio gradients, and (3) the column abundance of NO2 is lower and exhibits a diurnal change qualitatively similar to that observed in summer. The difference between the summer and winter observations is not solely due to changes in photochemistry but requires consideration of stratospheric dynamics. We correlate the reduction in NO x in winter with the production of N2O5 in regions of little or no insolation followed by transport to Cold Lake. The unusual profiles are shown to result from air masses at different altitudes having either different origins, for example, polar or mid‐latitude, or different transit times from the source to the sampling point.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".